SUcleavage_montage

L. variegatus zygotes, viewed from the side. A. 1-cell zygote. The fertilization envelope is visible as a large "halo" around the embryo. The arrow points to the site of sperm penetration. B. 2-cell. C. 8-cell. D. 16-cell. E. 32-cell. F. Hatched blastula (F is courtesy Dr. Chuck Ettensohn, Carnegie-Mellon Univ.).

Sea urchins undergo radial cleavage, as do "typical" deuterstomes, such as chordates, ascidians, and other echinoderms. Like embryonic cleavages in other organisms, sea urchin cleavage divisions are reductive, i.e., the cleavages result in more cells, but without an increase in the total cellular volume of the embryo. The next few pages provide representative pictures of cleavage stage embryos, and discuss the mechanisms and consequences of cleavage.