Index

 


Introduction:

Why Study Sea Urchins?

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Fertilization:

Introduction

Shedding gametes

The Acrosome Reaction

Normal Fertilization - Overview

Fast Block to Polyspermy

Slow Block to Polyspermy - Classic Studies

Slow Block to Polyspermy - Cortical Granules

Egg Activation - The Role of Calcium

Egg Activation - Signal transduction leading to calcium release

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Cleavage:

Introduction

Cleavage - Representative Stages

Radial Cleavage

Reductive Cleavage

Cleavage - Mechanism

Alteration by Compression

Fourth Cleavage

Blastula Structure

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Gastrulation:

Introduction

Morphogenetic Movements

More Movements

Ingression of PMCs

Adhesive Changes during PMC Ingression

Classic footage of PMC Ingression

Invagination of the Vegetal Plate

Models of Primary Invagination-I

Models of Primary Invagination-II

Evidence for Apical Constriction

4D Analysis of Primary Invagination

Secondary Invagination

Secondary Mesenchyme Filopodia

Secondary Mesenchyme Exert Tension

Autonomonous Extension in Exogastrulae

Laser Ablation of Secondary Mesenchyme

Convergent Extension

Studying Convergent Extension-I

Studying Convergent Extension-II

Summary of Secondary Invagination

The Role of the Extracellular Matrix

The Role of the Apical Lamina

The Role of the Hyaline Layer

The Role of the Basal Lamina

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Patterning:

Introduction

Using Radialized Embryos

PMC Transplants-I

PMC Transplants-II

Secondary Mesenchyme-I

Secondary Mesenchyme-II

Secondary Mesenchyme-III

Secondary Mesenchyme-IV

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